Co-existence of GM and non GM crops: case study of maize grown in Spain

The evidence to date shows that these three types of maize production have co-existed without economic and commercial problems. This includes in regions such as Catalunya where GM (Bt) is concentrated. Where non GM maize has been required in some markets, supplies have been relatively easily obtained, based on market-driven adherence to on/post farm segregation and by the purchase of maize from regions where there has been limited adoption of Bt maize (because the target pest of the Bt technology, the corn borer is not a significant problem for farmers in these regions). Isolated instances (two) of GMO adventitious presence in organic maize crops were reported in 2001.